Internal-combustion engine.



C. A. BENNETT. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIUATION FILED MAY 2a, 1908.

. 0 254 Patented June 7,1910.

. v y El, i h W|TNES SES: Y7 INVENTOR WHY AT RNEYS" U ED STATESrATnNrroFFIoE.

enemies A. BENNETT, or DOVER, new JERSEY.

To aZl whom'it.nioy-c01iccm:

Be it known that I, CHARLES A.'BENNn'rr,

a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Dover, 'in the county OfhlOIl'lS and State of New- Jersey, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Internal-Combustion Engines; and I do hereby declarethefollowingto be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,suchas will en-- able others skilled in the art to which it appertainsto makeand use the Seine, refer-- ones being had to the accompanyingdrawings, and to fi ures of reference marked thereon, which orinapart'of this specification. I I

This invention relates to an internal conibustion engine'thatis designedto have a cylinder and a piston therein, a closed crank case, a meansfor compressing pure air in the crank-case on'the working stroke of theengine, the same stroke also acting to draw a. vapor of the fuel intoa'vaporizing chamher on the .cylinder. Theend ofthisstroke opens theexhaust of the c linder and also opensports to admit air a ongside aplunger working in the vaporizing chamber and the'ey1iii(lcr, ai1(l thisair insures the scavenging.or clarifying of the cylinder by drivingoutthe cxplo ed gas,'aiid if any of this inrushingair passes out with theex- At the finish of the power stroke of the piston and its plunger, theengine operates to inject-the vapor in the vaporizing chamber to the airconfined iii the cylinder, and

on its return movement. com )ressing'the airand vapor in anticipation oignition of the mixture. The charge-istl'ien exploded in the usual wayand the operation above described is repeated. T prefer to pass the richvapor from the vaporizing chamber into a fuel chamber formed inside theplunger, and

auton'iatically injecting the vapor from .lhis fuel chamber intothecylinder at the end of the power stroke of the piston.

The invention is illustrated in tlic accompanying drawing, in whichFigure 1 is a vertical section of my iiiiproved engiiie-with'the pistonat the liring position-J Fig. 2 is a viewat right angles to Fig. 1 withthe piston in its transfer positio'n when the air from the crank-casesup plants the exploded gas in the cylinder.

' 1g. 31s a'sectionon line 3, 3, in Fig.

.10 surrounded by the customary water- In myconstruction I- provide acylinder A INTERNAL-COMBUSTION Enema Specificatitii of Letters Yatent.Patented J lin 7, 1910. Application filed May 23, 1908. Serial No.484,477;

' jacket 11 and having a piston 12 which has this class of engine andnot illustrated here-- in. When the piston travels alongthe cyl-''lIKlCI on its working stroke, it compresses the free air inthecrank-case. The cylinder has-a series of passages 18 extending partway up its bore from. the'crank-case, and the piston has a series ofports 19 which arein a line with the passages 18, and when the'pistonhas compressed this free air and is near its limit of movement, theports 19 come in communication with the" 'iassages 18 and the free airenters the annu ar passage 21 and is passed into the c linder in theform-of a ring, and being coo it serves to cool the plunger 22 which isto be hereinafter described.

The free air serves to eject all burned surrounds the plunger andinsures the scavenging of the inner walls of the cylinder. It will benoted here that the air goin into the cylinder is free air and has notliccoine mixed, up to its time of entry into the cylinder, with any fuelor fuel vapor.

W hen the iston moves on its power stroke it carries with it the plunger22, which; is

hollow. ,This plunger slides in a vaporizing chamber 25 on the end ofthe cylinder 10 and. opening directly therein, and on this stroke actsto draw an over-rich mixture or vapor into the vaporizingchamber 25through a valve 26 which is usually a suction valve, but any kind ofvalve adapted for the purpose, such as a mechanically operated.

valvc,'can be used. When the plunger is forced by the piston 32 is opened.by reason 0 the prcssurein the vaporizing chamber, since; the valve 26is forced shut on this stroke of the ilunger. Tlie'chcck valve 32regulates the a mission on its return stroke a pulppet or check valve 1of fuel from thevaporizing chamber into the plunger and receives andholds vapor as the fuel chamber 33 which is formed inside fuel. Itwill-thus be seen that when ,the

plunger is on its return stroke, the fuel chamber 33 becomes filled withfuel, and on the power stroke the valve 32 is held shut,

but the yalve 26 is opened-by suction: and the vaporizing chamberreceives another filling.

On or near the limit of the vpower stroke ports 34, in the periphery ofthe plunger 22, are opened, and the fuel from the fuel cham- .ber 33 isinjected into the air of the cylinder and forms the explosive charge.Attention is called to the fact that free air, in which there is no fuelgas or vapor, is'admitted to the cylinder immediately after thedischarge is .open, and while it cleans out all vestige of fuel cham bertherein. and means for causin the exploded gas it also has the advantageof having no regulation except a check valve of some sort, and thepressure of airfed to the cylinder will be constant, and any .varying ofthe gas in the charge 1s done through the pipe 31 which feeds thevaporizing cham-' prising a cylinder, api'ston, a closed crank-- case,the' crank ca-se havin an air inlet therein, ducts for communicatingbetweenthe crank-case and the cylinder whenthe piston finishes its powerstroke, a va orizing chamber on the end of the cylin er, a plunger onthe iston and working in the vaporizin cham er, the plunger having acommunication to inject vapor from the fue chamber to the cylinder onlywhen the piston finishes its power stroke. v

2. Aninternal combustion-engine comprising a'eylinder, a piston, aclosed crankcase, the crank-case having an air inlet therein, ducts. forcommunicating between the crank-case and the cylinder when the pistonfinishes its power stroke, a vaporizing chamber on the end of thecylinder and opening directly therein, a plunger on the .55

iston and workin in the vaporizing chamer and-having a uel chambertherein, and

' means for causing communication to inject va or from the fuel chamberto the cylinderon y when, the piston finishes its power stroke. 7 u

3. An internal combustion englne comprising a cylinder a piston and aclosed crank-case, the crank-case having an air inlet, a vaporizinchamber on the end of the cylinder oppose to the crank-case, a plungeron the piston and working in the vaporizing chamber, the piston havinports for commuthe vaporizing chamber for the admission of fuel vapor tothe vaporizing chamber, and

means for causing communication betweenthe vaporizing chamber and thecylinder. 4. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder apiston and a closed crank-easajthe crank-casehavin" an airinlet, thecrank-case being adapte to receive .nieating between the cran -ca se andthe cyl- 'mder when the piston finishes its ,stroke, an inwardly openingsuction va ve on air devoid of fuel vapor, the piston having 4 ports forpassing'the freev air when compressed from-the crank-case'to thecylinder, -a vaporizing chamber on the cylinder and openingdirectlytherein, a plunger adapted to-reciprocate in the vaporizingchamber, the plunger being-adapted to contact with the air from theports-in the piston and be cooled thereby, and means'for causincommunicaf tion-from the vaporizing cham er to the cylinder. I 5. Aninternal combustion engine comprising-a cylinder, a piston, a closedcrankcase, the crank-case having an air inlet therein, thecylinder'having passages in its inner walls extending part way up fromthe crank-case, the iston having an annular passage concentric with itscenter, and havmg ports adapted to communicate with the I passages inthe cylinder when the piston finishes lts-power stroke. '6. An internalcombustion engine comprising a cylinder, a piston, a closed crank-. casehaving an air lnlet there n, the cylinder having exhaust ports andhaving-air passages extending'up from the crank-case toward the exhaustports, a vaporizing chamber on the cylinder, and a lunger on thepiston'being adapted to wor in the vaporizing chamber, the piston havingan annular passage and having ports communicating with the passage andarranged to communicate with the cylinder air passages when the pistonfinishes its powerstroke.

7. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a piston, aclosed crankcase, the crank-case having an air inlet,

-means for opening communication between the crank-case and thecylinderwhen the piston is at the limit of its power stroke so as to conductfree air to the cylinder, a vaporizing chamber on the end of thecylinder opposed to the crank-case and opening directly therein, 'avalve on the vaporizing chamber to prevent the" escape of- .vapor, a

)lun 'er on't'he' iston and workin m thel b b vaporizing cham er, theplunger havin a fuel chamber therein a valve in the uel chamber adaptedto be closed when the valve of the vaporizing chamber is open, andvice'versa, and means for opening eommunicat1on to admit vapor from the fuelchamber tothe cylinder when the cylinder'is filledinder to receive theplunger, the piston having an annularipassage surrounding the plungerand having ports"passingthrough and adapted to communicate with the airpassages o'frthecy'linder.

9. Iii an internal combustion engine, a;

cylinder having air passages extending ,part

way from one end, andhaving exhaust ports near the ends of the airpassages, a iston, a plunger on the piston, and a cham er on thecylinder to receive the plunger, the pis ton havingan annular passageadjoining the.

lu'nger and having ports to communicate mm the passage throughthe pistonto the air passages of the cylinder when the piston uncovers the exhaustports, the end of the cylinder opposite the exhaust having an annulargroove substantially tangential to the.

plunger and the wall of the cylinder.

' 10. An internal combustion engine'com prising a cylinder, a piston, aclosed crankcase, means forlntermittently admittingair to the cylinder,a vaporizing chamber on the cylinder, a hollow plunger on the piston toreciprocate in the vaporizing chamber and forming a fuel chamber, avalve onthe vaporizing chamber to regulate the admission of vaporthereto, a valve on the fuel chamber to regulate the passage of va orfrom the vaporizing chamber to ,the .uel'

chamber, and ports in the sides of the fuel chamberadapted to beuncovered by vthe walls of the chamber to admit the va or to thecylinder from the fuel'chambe'r, w ien the piston finishes its powerstroke.

11. An internal combustionengine com- .1nising a cylinder, a piston, aclosed crank vase with an air inlet thereto, ducts in thewall of thecylinder for colnmun catmn bc-.

tween the crank case and power cylinder as the piston finishes its powerstroke, a chamber on the end of the piston adapted to rercive-and holdfuel from-a chamber with which it acts on its outward stroke, and nea msfor causing transfer of said fuel from the fuel chamber to theminbustion cylinder only after admission of air to the cylinderperiphery o the piston so as to be placedin line with the ducts in thecylinder when the piston finishes its power stroke, the'outf'romthesides ofthe having means for injcctlngpure air into the lets of. theductsbeing arrangedin a line substantially parallel with the movement ofthe iston and arranged to inject the air passing thcreth'rough againstthe plunger to cool the same,-

13.'An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder a piston, avaporizing stroke of the piston compressing'the air in the vaporizinchamber and causin it to pass into the uel chamber, and a va ve forclosing the fuel chamber from the vaporizin'g chamber on the powerstroke of the piston and causing communication between them on' thereturn stroke;v

114. An internal combustion engine comprising a c linder and a piston ava orizin chamber oil the \end of the cyli iider, plunger onthe, istonand worklng in the vaporizing cham er, the piston having orts extcndinfrom points on the end 0 the piston a jacent'to the plunger and emergingpiston, the cylinder ports where they emerge from the sidespf the istonwhen the piston finishes its power str'o e, an lnwardly opening suctionvalve on the vaporizing chamber, the plunger on' the pistonha'ving afuel chamber therein,

[means for closing the fuel chamber from the vaporizing chamber on thepower stroke of the piston, and means for injecting compressed fuel fromthe fuelvchamber into the cylinder immediately after the cylinder isfilled with air;

-15. An internal combustion engine comprising aeylinder, a piston, avaporizing chamber on the end of the cylinder and opening-directlythereim'ahollow plunger on the piston formin a fuel chamber and adaptedto operate 1n the vaporizing chamher, an inlet -valve on .the vaporizinr chamber, an inlet valve on the fuel cham er, and a series oferforations projectingthrough the walls 0 the fuel chamber and adaptedto be uncovered when the piston finishes its power stroke and to beclosed by the walls of the vaporizing ch'amber when the piston beginsits return stroke.

16. An internal combustion engine com-' fuel chamber-from the vaporizingchamber, 1' In testimony, that I claim the foregoing, the fuel chamberhavlng perforations I have hereunto set my hand this. 21st day 'through'its walls adapted to be uncovered of May 1908.

by passing into the cylinder when the piston 5 finishes lts flowerstroke and adapted to be Witnesses:

. covered by e walls of the vaporizing cham-. ber when the piston beginsits return stroke.

CHARISJES A. BENNETT.

E.'A. PELL, WM. H. CAMFIn n.

